Liang S, Jiang H, Shen XH, Zhang JB, Kim NH (2018) Inhibition of cathepsin B activity prevents deterioration in the quality of in vitro aged porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 116:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.035

A groundbreaking paper on the treatment of rats with Mondia whitei induced a significant increase in serum and testicular testosterone levels, the testicular protein content as well as sperm density. Interestingly sperm motility or the speed and activity of sperms also increased. The observed increase in testicular protein content and weight may be the result of testosterone action. This increased sperm density observed in the cauda epididymis of the treated rats confirmed the androgenic effect of Mondia whitei. The findings of this study suggested that Mondia whitei possesses sex-stimulant property thus supporting its traditional use as an aphrodisiac.

The flame photometry produced marked Na + and K +. GC-MS revealed eighteen bioactive components. The fractions (chloroformic 47.00, ethanolic 45.52, and aqueous 40.13) of MWL caused a higher inhibition ratio compared to standards. The MWL showed a significant cytotoxic effect on the treated cell lines at concentrations of 150 and 200 μg/ml and 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml for HT-29 and HeLa cells, respectively. Ten bioactives (MWL 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, and 18) showed potential inhibition of CathB with binding affinities of −4.40 to −8.3 Kcal/Mol. However, MWL 4, 9, 14, and 17 which have higher binding affinities (−6.7, −7.1, −8.2, and −8.3, respectively) than the standard inhibitor (−6.5) were the lead molecules. Conclusion Other sources indicate that the plant is further used as a symbol of peace; a sign of power; the treatment of hypertension, stroke, anemia, asthma, hangover, mastitis and allergies; it is also taken to improve sleep, enhance urination, ease birth pains, and as mouth freshener and toothbrush. The leaves serve as animal fodder and are consumed by humans as vegetables. One of the significant defensive mechanisms against radical-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress is the nonenzymatic antioxidant defense mechanism. Plant foods, vegetables, and fruit are highly rich in antioxidant properties, which could help prevent chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. Plant phytochemicals such as flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids are indicated to be responsible for their enormous antioxidant properties [ 21– 23]. Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Nangoma, D. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Biodiversity and Conservation of Mchese Mountain, Malawi. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: 1-71. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

With its wealth of health benefits, mondia whitei is an ideal natural remedy to add to your health and wellness routine.M. Whitei can be cooked as vegetables, and this is a great substitute for greens in your food. The roots of this herb have a pasty consistency, so they can be used to flavor foods such as meat. Balakirev MY, Khramtsov VV, Zimmer G (1997) Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by nitric oxide. Eur J Biochem 246(3):710–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00710.x Jaradat NA, Al-lahham S, Zaid AN, Hussein F, Issa L, Abualhasan MN et al (2019) Carlina curetum plant phytoconstituents, enzymes inhibitory and cytotoxic activity on cervical epithelial carcinoma and colon cancer cell lines. Eur J Integr Med 30 (1) 100920-100933 For those who don’t want to rely solely on surveys and cultural wisdom there are a number of scientific studies involving the use of different solvent extracts of Mondia Whitei. These include biological assays investigating the aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase ( Tyrosinase is a copper containing enzyme found in plant and animal tissue that catalyzes the production of melanin, over activity may lead to counter productivity in melanogenesis) and anti-oxidant activity. Mondia Whitei extracts have shown great potential in most of the biological activities investigated, validating most of the cultural wisdom documented on the surveys.